Timsort with its time complexity of O(nlogn) in the worst case and O(n) in the best case, has become the default sorting algorithm for Python, Java, and other programming languages.
It aims to find the longest subsequence present in both input sequences, where a subsequence is a sequence that appears in the same relative order but not necessarily consecutively.
The Held-Karp algorithm is an efficient dynamic programming approach for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The algorithm builds up a table to store the optimal cost of visiting subsets of cities.