Fenwick Tree’s efficiency, combined with its relatively simple implementation, makes it useful in competitive programming and applications that involve dynamic sum queries and updates.
Treap is an efficient and simple data structure that combines the best of both binary search trees and heaps. It provides the benefits of efficient search, insert, and delete operations.
This problem, also referred to as the “sliding window maximum” problem, can be efficiently solved using heaps. We’ve already discussed an O(n) solution.
Subsequences derived from strings by deleting some or no characters without changing order, are crucial in fields like bioinformatics, data mining, and cryptography.